There are six different kinds of beams.
Cantilever beams, Simply supported beams, Overhanging beams, Continous beams, Fixed ended beams, and Cantilever - simply supported beams.
The different kinds of loads that can act on beams are - Point load, Uniformly distributed load [UDL], and Uniformly varying load [UVL]
The different kinds of supports that can act on beams are - Hinged support, Roller supports, and Fixed supports.
Shear force is an internal force that is induced in a beam when loads are applied to that beam. Shear force is defined as the algebraic sum of loads to the left or right of a point such that addition of these forces restores vertical equilibrium.
A Shear Fore Diagram (SFD) is a diagram that shows the variation in shear force along the length of a beam.
Bending moment is an internal force that is induced in a beam when loads are applied to that beam. Bending moment is defined as the sum of all moments due to external forces at one side of a section of beam. Bending moment at a point, say A, is determined by multipling the external force with the distance between point A and the point at which the force is acting.
A Bending Moment Diagram (BMD) is a diagram that shows the variation in bending moment along the length of a beam.
Point of Contraflexure is the point in a bending beam where the bending moment is zero, i.e. it the point where the bending moment changes its sign from positive to negative or vice versa.
In a bending moment diagram, the point of Contraflexure is the point at which the bending moment curve intersects with the zero line.
Point of maximum bending moment is the point in a shear force diagram where the shear force curve crosses over the zero line. The value of the bending moment is maximum at this point.
Macaulay's method is a method to find the deflections in a beam that is subject to point loads and discontinuous loads.